How much is ushr? Ushr is 10% of the harvest for land watered by rain or rivers, and 5% (nisf-ushr) for land watered by tube wells or other costly irrigation (scholars differ on government canal water). It is due at harvest, with no waiting year. Imam Abu Hanifa set no minimum quantity; the Shafi’i, Maliki and Hanbali schools require at least 5 wasq (about 653 kg).
Which crops?
In the Hanafi madhab ushr is due on everything the land produces for sale or food: wheat, rice, maize, sugarcane, cotton, vegetables and fruit. The other schools limit it to staple foods that can be stored (wheat, rice, barley, dates, raisins and similar). Firewood, grass and reeds are not included.
Who pays: owner or tenant?
When land is given on a crop-share basis (batai), each party pays ushr on their own share. For land rented for cash, Imam Abu Hanifa said the owner pays; his students Abu Yusuf and Muhammad, and most other schools, say the tenant who owns the crop pays. Many Pakistani muftis follow the second view today.
Zakat on livestock
Zakat on animals applies to goats, sheep, cows, buffaloes and camels that graze freely for most of the year, are not used for ploughing or transport, and have been owned for a full lunar year. The minimums are 40 goats or sheep, 30 cows or buffaloes, and 5 camels. Dairy animals fed at home on bought fodder are not zakatable as livestock; their milk income becomes part of your cash. Animals bought to sell are trade goods: add their market value in the business zakat calculator.
| Goats and sheep | Give |
|---|---|
| 40 to 120 | 1 |
| 121 to 200 | 2 |
| 201 to 399 | 3 |
| 400 and above | 1 for every 100 |
| Cows and buffaloes | Give |
|---|---|
| 30 to 39 | 1 calf in its 2nd year (tabi’) |
| 40 to 59 | 1 cow in its 3rd year (musinnah) |
| 60 and above | 1 tabi’ for every 30, 1 musinnah for every 40 |
Full guides: ushr on wheat, rice, cotton and other crops and zakat on goats, cows, buffaloes and camels.
Ushr and livestock zakat go to the same people as other zakat; see who can receive zakat. For cash, gold and savings use the main calculator.
Frequently asked questions
Gandum par kitna ushr hai?
Barani (baarish wali) zameen par paidawar ka 10%, aur tube well ya khareede paani wali zameen par 5%.
Are costs deducted before ushr?
In the classical view, no: ushr is on the whole harvest, which is why irrigated land pays half. Some contemporary scholars allow deducting costs such as fertiliser; ask your scholar.
Is there zakat on dairy buffaloes?
Not as livestock if they are mostly fed bought fodder at home. Their income is counted with your cash.