Zakat Kaise Nikalen: Zakat Ka Hisab Asan Tareeqe Se

Zakat Islam ka teesra rukn hai, magar har saal Ramazan aate hi ghar mein yehi sawal hota hai: zakat kaise nikalen, kis cheez par hai, aur kitni banti hai? Is guide mein hum zakat ka hisab bilkul asan tareeqe se, qadam ba qadam samjhayenge, rupees ki misaalon ke saath. Neeche calculator bhi hai jis mein aap apne asal figures daal kar foran apni zakat dekh sakte hain.

Zakat kis par farz hai?

Zakat har us aqil, baligh Muslim par farz hai jo nisab ke barabar zakat wale maal ka malik ho aur us maal par ek qamri (Islami) saal guzar jaye. Is saal ko hawl kehte hain. Hanafi fiqh mein nabaligh bachon ke maal par zakat nahi, jabke Shafi’i, Maliki aur Hanbali maslak mein bachon ke maal par bhi zakat hai jo sarparast ada karta hai.

Zakat in cheezon par hai:

• Ghar mein rakha naqd paisa, har bank account ka balance, prize bonds aur savings certificates
• Sona aur chandi, chahe zevar ki shakal mein ho, sikke hon ya biscuit (zevar par maslak ka farq neeche dekhein)
• Dukan ka maal, yani karobari stock, bechne ki qeemat par
• Bechne ki niyyat se khareeda gaya plot ya makan
• Committee (BC) mein ab tak jama ki gayi raqam, aur woh qarz jo aap ne kisi ko diya ho aur wapas milne ki umeed ho
• Shares aur mutual funds jo bechne ke liye rakhe hon

Rehne ka ghar, apni sawari ki gaari, ghar ka furniture, kapre, kaam ke auzaar aur kitabein zaroorat ki cheezein hain, in par zakat nahi.

Nisab kya hai?

Nisab woh kam se kam miqdar hai jis ke baad zakat farz hoti hai. Chandi ka nisab 52.5 tola (612.35 gram) hai aur sone ka nisab 7.5 tola (87.48 gram). Aaj ke rate par chandi ka nisab taqreeban Rs 2,96,694 hai aur sone ka Rs 31,55,882.

Hanafi ulama, jaise Darul Uloom Deoband, kehte hain ke agar aap ke paas naqdi, ya sona aur chandi dono, ya karobari maal mila jula ho to sab ki qeemat jor kar chandi ke nisab se dekha jaye, kyun ke is mein ghareebon ka faida zyada hai. Agar sirf sona ho aur kuch aur na ho to sone ka nisab, 7.5 tola, lagta hai. Tafseel ke liye aaj ka nisab dekhein, ya Urdu mein نصاب.

Zakat ka hisab: qadam ba qadam

1. Apni zakat ki tareekh tay karen. Yeh woh Islami tareekh hai jis din aap ka maal pehli dafa nisab tak pohancha tha. Bahut se log 1 Ramazan rakhte hain. Har saal usi Islami tareekh par hisab karen; hawl ki guide aur zakat date calculator is mein madad karte hain.
2. Sara zakat wala maal jama karen. Naqdi, har bank account, sona, chandi, committee ki jama raqam, dukan ka maal aur dosri cheezein jo upar likhi hain. Sone aur chandi ki qeemat usi din ke rate se lagayen, khareed ki qeemat se nahi.
3. Qarz minus karen. Hanafi fiqh mein jo qarz abhi ada karna hai, jaise is mahine ka kiraya, bill, ya lambe qarz ki agle saal ki qiston, woh minus hota hai. Shafi’i maslak aur Ahl-e-Hadith (Saudi Permanent Committee ke mutabiq) mein qarz minus nahi hota.
4. Nisab se muqabla karen. Agar baqi raqam nisab se kam hai to is saal zakat farz nahi. Agar barabar ya zyada hai to poori raqam par zakat hai, sirf nisab se upar wale hisse par nahi.
5. 2.5% nikalen. Kul raqam ko 40 se taqseem karen, ya 0.025 se zarb den. Yehi aap ki zakat hai.
6. Bank ki katauti minus karen. Agar bank ne 1 Ramazan ko aap ke savings account se zakat kaati hai to woh raqam aap ki zakat mein shumar hogi; baqi khud ada karen.
7. Mustahiq ko den. Zakat dete waqt, ya raqam alag karte waqt, zakat ki niyyat karen aur kisi mustahiq shakhs ko us ka malik bana den.

Misaal: Ahmed ki zakat

Ahmed Lahore mein rehte hain aur Hanafi hain. Un ki zakat ki tareekh 1 Ramazan hai. Us din un ke paas yeh hai (misaal ke liye 22K sone ka rate Rs 4,12,500 fi tola maan lete hain; asal hisab aaj ke rate se calculator karega):

• Bank ka savings account: Rs 3,00,000
• Apna 2 tola 22K sona: 2 × Rs 4,12,500 = Rs 8,25,000
• Committee mein ab tak jama: Rs 60,000
• Is mahine ka credit card bill: Rs 40,000 (minus)

Kul: Rs 3,00,000 + Rs 8,25,000 + Rs 60,000 − Rs 40,000 = Rs 11,45,000. Yeh chandi ke nisab se kahin zyada hai, is liye zakat 2.5% = Rs 28,625. Agar bank ne 1 Ramazan ko savings account se Rs 7,500 kaat liye the to ab Ahmed ko Rs 21,125 khud ada karne hain.

1 lakh par kitni zakat hai?

1 lakh rupay par zakat Rs 2,500 hai, yani 2.5%. Lekin yeh tab hai jab aap ka kul zakat wala maal nisab se zyada ho aur saal guzar gaya ho. Agar aap ke paas sirf 1 lakh rupay hain aur kuch aur nahi, to yeh aaj ke chandi ke nisab se kam hai, is liye zakat farz nahi. Ziyada tar gharon mein thora sona ya bachat bhi hoti hai; sab mila kar nisab se upar ho to 1 lakh par bhi Rs 2,500 dena hoga. English mein tafseel: zakat on 1 lakh rupees.

Lakh se crore tak zakat ka table

Raqam	Zakat (2.5%)
Rs 1,00,000 (1 lakh)	Rs 2,500
Rs 2,00,000 (2 lakh)	Rs 5,000
Rs 5,00,000 (5 lakh)	Rs 12,500
Rs 10,00,000 (10 lakh)	Rs 25,000
Rs 20,00,000 (20 lakh)	Rs 50,000
Rs 50,00,000 (50 lakh)	Rs 1,25,000
Rs 1,00,00,000 (1 crore)	Rs 2,50,000

Yeh raqam sirf tab farz hai jab aap ka kul maal nisab se zyada ho aur us par saal guzar chuka ho. Beech ki kisi raqam ke liye har lakh par Rs 2,500 jor len: masalan 3.5 lakh par Rs 8,750.

1 tola sone ki zakat kitni hoti hai?

Aaj ke rate par 1 tola 24 karat sone ki zakat taqreeban Rs 10,520 hai, aur 1 tola 22 karat sone ki taqreeban Rs 9,643. Yeh sone ki aaj ki qeemat ka 2.5% hai. 22 karat mein sirf khalis sona (91.7%) gina jata hai, is liye us ki zakat kam banti hai. Nag, moti aur banwai ki qeemat nahi gini jati.

Yaad rakhen: agar aap ke paas sirf 1 tola sona hai aur kuch aur maal nahi, to zakat farz nahi, kyun ke yeh sone ke nisab (7.5 tola) se kam hai. Agar sath mein kuch naqdi ya bachat bhi hai to Hanafi fiqh mein sab mila kar chandi ke nisab se dekha jata hai, aur aksar zakat farz ho jati hai. 1 se 50 tola tak aaj ka table zakat on 1 tola gold par hai, aur sone ka hisab zakat on gold calculator ya Urdu mein سونے پر زکوٰۃ se karen.

Zevar par zakat: maslak ka farq

• Hanafi (Deobandi, Barelvi): sone chandi ke zevar par zakat hai, chahe roz pehna jaye.
• Ahl-e-Hadith: Saudi Permanent Committee ke fatwe ke mutabiq, jis par hamara calculator chalta hai, nisab tak pohanchne wale zevar par zakat hai, chahe pehna jaye.
• Shafi’i, Maliki, Hanbali: jaiz zevar jo pehna jata ho us par zakat nahi; bachat ke liye rakhe zevar par hai.
• Fiqh-e-Jafaria (Ayatollah Sistani): naqdi aur zevar par zakat nahi, balke saal ki bachat par khums hai. Khums calculator dekhein.

Zevar ki zakat us par hai jo us ka malik hai. Agar zevar biwi ki milkiyat hai to zakat biwi par hai; shohar us ki ijazat se ada kar sakta hai. Har maslak ka farq ek saath dekhne ke liye madhab comparison, aur zevar ki tafseel zakat on jewellery par hai.

Bank ki zakat katauti

Pakistan mein Zakat and Ushr Ordinance 1980 ke tehat bank 1 Ramazan ko savings aur munafa wale accounts se 2.5% zakat kaat-te hain, agar balance hukumat ke elaan kiye gaye nisab se zyada ho. Current account se zakat nahi katti. Yeh katauti sirf us ek account ki hai; aap ka sona, ghar ki naqdi aur dosre account is mein shamil nahi. Is liye apni poori zakat ka hisab karen aur bank ki katauti us mein se minus kar den. Fiqh-e-Jafaria ke pairokar CZ-50 declaration de kar katauti rukwa sakte hain. Tafseel: bank zakat deduction in Pakistan.

Masarif e zakat list: zakat kis ko den?

Quran Majeed mein zakat ke aath masarif bataye gaye hain (Surah at-Tawbah 9:60):

1. Fuqara: ghareeb log jin ke paas bunyadi zarooraton ke ilawa nisab ke barabar maal na ho.
2. Masakeen: jo un se bhi zyada tangi mein hon.
3. Amileen: hukumat ya kisi muntazim idare ki taraf se zakat jama aur taqseem karne wale.
4. Muallafat ul quloob: jin ke dil Islam ki taraf mail karne hon. Hanafi ulama ke nazdeek yeh hissa aaj istemal nahi hota.
5. Riqab: ghulamon ko azad karana; aaj kal bahut se ulama is ko na-haq qaid logon ki rihai par lagate hain.
6. Ghaarimeen: qarzdar jo jaiz zaroorat ke liye liya gaya qarz ada na kar saken.
7. Fi sabeelillah: Allah ki raah mein; Hanafi fiqh mein is se murad zaroorat mand mujahid ya deeni ilm ka ghareeb talib-e-ilm hai.
8. Ibn us sabeel: musafir jis ke paas safar mein paise khatam ho jayen, chahe ghar par maaldar ho.

Apne maa baap, dada dadi, nana nani, aulad aur pote poti ko zakat nahi de sakte, aur shohar apni biwi ko zakat nahi de sakta. Chaaron Sunni maslak mein Sayyid ko zakat nahi di jati. Mustahiq bhai, behan, chacha, mamu, khala aur dosre rishtedaron ko dena jaiz hai aur is mein dugna sawab hai. Masjid ki tameer mein zakat nahi lagti, kyun ke zakat kisi mustahiq shakhs ki milkiyat mein jana zaroori hai. Poori tafseel ke liye who can receive zakat ya Urdu mein زکوٰۃ کس کو دی جا سکتی ہے parhen.

Aam ghaltiyan

• Sirf bank ki katauti ko poori zakat samajhna. Woh sirf ek account ki hai.
• Sone ki khareed ki qeemat lagana. Zakat ki tareekh wale din ki qeemat lagti hai.
• 22 karat zevar ko 24 karat ginna. Sirf khalis sona gina jata hai.
• Har saal ek hi angrezi tareekh rakhna. Zakat ka saal qamri hai, angrezi tareekh har saal taqreeban 11 din pehle aati hai.
• Zakat ki tareekh guzar jane ke baad Ramazan ka intezar karna. Zakat farz hone ke baad der nahi karni chahiye; pehle ada karna jaiz hai, baad mein dena nahi.
• Chhooti hui zakat bhool jana. Pichle saalon ki zakat bhi zimme rehti hai; missed zakat ki guide dekhein.

Apni asal zakat ke liye upar wala calculator ya Pakistan zakat calculator istemal karen, aur Urdu mein زکوٰۃ کیلکولیٹر. Yeh guide fatwa nahi hai; apne khaas masle ke liye kisi mustanad aalim se zaroor poochen.

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